Remains of the «citadel» of the ‘Wild Garden’ settlement

Abstract

The nature, structure and design features of the remains of the «citadel» buildings of the settlement ‘Wild Garden’ of the final Bronze Age (13/12-12/11 BC) are considered.

The settlement is divided into three parts: «citadel» with the main moat around; «Suburb» (near and far), located behind the main moat and limited to the second (outer) moat; «Posts» located behind the outer moat.

Citadel buildings are divided by nature, type, row of buildings and horizons. Their localization, topography and stratigraphy are revealed. The types and principles of construction of residential, commercial, religious and defensive structures, interior features, types of entrances, construction of masonry and pits recorded in the premises are characterized.

The localization and description of characteristic things in the filled and closed complexes of buildings (ceramic ware, objects from clay, bronze, stone, bone and horn) is given.

Among the constructions, partially deepened (9 rooms) predominate; the second largest category consists of ground rooms with the remains of stone foundations (8 rooms). The smallest numbers are ground clay (2 rooms) and deepen (2 rooms). The vast majority of premises served as residential (for one family) apartments. It is possible that the partially recessed and recessed dwellings were used as seasonal dwellings (with slight clay walls as summer dwellings, and the dwellings with stone structures as winter dwellings).

All the buildings of the «citadel» are typical (except for the moat) for the monuments of the North-Western Black Sea coast of the Late Bronze Age. At the same time, the principle of placement of buildings, taking into account the defensive structures around the «citadel», indicates the traditions that are characteristic of the eastern area of the Bronze Age.